A nodule is not a diagnosis
A nodule is a lump inside the gland. It may be found by chance on a neck scan, or noticed as a swelling. More than nine in ten are benign.
What ultrasound looks for
- Size and number.
- Whether it is solid or fluid-filled.
- Its margins, and any calcifications.
- Its shape compared with its width.
These features add up to a risk grade, not a final verdict. The grade decides follow-up, a biopsy, or a surgical opinion.
Needle biopsy
A fine needle takes cells under ultrasound guidance, without a cut and without general anaesthesia. The result may be benign, inconclusive and worth repeating, or suspicious. A biopsy is not required for every small nodule with reassuring features.
When is surgery discussed?
If the biopsy is suspicious, if the nodule is large enough to press on swallowing or breathing, or if it keeps growing. Some operations prove benign on the final pathology, which is expected when the aim was to rule a tumour out.
This article is for general education and does not replace a medical examination or your doctor’s advice.
